Deed，简单来说，就是房屋产权转让。
一般有这么几种：
- General Warranty Deed
- Bargain and Sale Deed (CAG)
- Bargain and Sale Deed
- Quitclaim Deed
General Warranty Deed
General Warranty Deed，有时干脆简称为Warranty Deed，中文可以翻译为“完全担保地契”，是一种最完善的地契转让书。
卖方，也就是Grantor，证明自己拥有该地产的全部所有权﹐并永远保证拥有该地产的权力。一旦有人控告，或对不动产产权有所质疑，不论控告人对产权的质疑是源于多久以前，也不论这种瑕疵是转让人自己或以前房主之行为造成，转让人都会为他的产权作辩护，并弥补产权上的任何暇疵，以保证买方（Grantee）的产权不受其影响。
因为这种Deed对卖方实在是太严苛了，所以极少使用。
Bargain and Sale Deed with covenants against grantor’s acts (CAG)
这种Deed是新泽西州房产买卖交易使用的标准地契转让书。
这种地契转让书只担保转让人（卖方）是合法拥有这个房子的所有权，转让人在自己拥有房子期间没有做出任何有损其价值的事。如果有任何人因为转让人自己的行为而对这地产有质疑，转让人需要负责，但这种地契并不担保转让人以前的主人是否曾造成产权的瑕疵。
一般通过结合Title Search和Title Insurance来给买方带来全面的保护。
Bargain and Sale Deed
这种地契转让书只担保转让人（卖方）是合法拥有这个房子所有权，除此之外没有任何保障。
在新泽西，一般Foreclosure和Tax Sale都是用的这种Bargain and Sale Deed。
Quitclaim Deed
Quitclaim Deed是一种没有任何担保的土地契约，转让人（Grantor）只是放弃他“称为是他的财产”的不动产所有权，但并不曾担保自己就是真正的所有人，也不会为地产所有权中出现的任何问题作辩护。
如果转让人有产权的完全所有权，以Quitclaim Deed 转让的产权也将是完全所有权。但如果转让人对产权没有任何权力，那通过Quitclaim Deed转让的就是不值分文的一份材料罢了。
是不是感觉Quitclaim Deed很没用？其实不然，假设你需要把配偶、子女的名字加到title上，Quitclaim Deed就很适合。Quitclaim Deed一般用于产权没有争议的交易中，常见的比如，夫妻间将产权于一方转到另一方，或者把家人的名字加到title上。
因为Quitclaim Deed有一个最大的好处是，办理极其方便，自己DIY都可以，填几个表，公证一下，拿到County去备案一份就可以了。如果嫌麻烦，让律师去做，一般费用也不高，$500左右。下次我抽空整理一篇攻略，教Hudson County（包括Jersey City, Hoboken）的大家怎么DIY quitclaim deed。
很显然，正规买卖地产时不会用Quitclaim Deed。
那么Deed是不是就是房产证？
不是的。Deed只是产权转让，而且像上面介绍的，不同类型的deed差别很大，像Quit Claim Deed，连转让方是否真实拥有产权也无法保证。
那么什么是房产证呢？
在新泽西，下面几个东西可以看做类似国内的房产证概念：
- Title Insurance Policy – 新泽西买房一般都会买这个insurance，title insurance公司会给你寄一个policy package到家，这个东西不要丢掉，它可以证明你是房子的主人。
- County记录 – 至少在新泽西，每一个房子的交易都会拿去county里面做一个记录（county record），这些记录是永久保存的。对于绝大多数房子，从房子兴建后第一次出售到今天的记录，都在county专门的办公室保管，中间连一天的gap也没有。也是因为county record的完备存在，大家就算没有保存title insurance copy也没有关系。
Take-away
可以这样理解，新泽西（美国每个州的情况都略有不同）没有国内那样的房产证小本本，产权的记录会由County Register Office做完备记录，这个记录不用买家或者卖家操心，你所雇用的title agency，mortgage lender, attorney都会去做这件事。收到了Title Insurance Policy可以保存起来，如果没保存也无所谓。
同样是买房、卖房，美国的法律法规和国内有很多不一样的地方，甚至美国的不同州规定也不尽相同，这就是我们房产经纪能提供价值的地方之一。在从看房开始到最终过户的每一步中，我都会解答你的任何疑问并向你推荐靠谱的律师、贷款银行经纪人，可以电话、email或者微信随时沟通。
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